2026-10-11T02:37:32Z
https://oai.datacite.org/oai
doi:10.6092/ingv.it-ahead
2025-04-08T15:42:28Z
WNGN
CRUI.INGV
41
CRUI.INGV
10.6092/INGV.IT-AHEAD
Albini, Paola
Paola
Albini
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-9760
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Locati, Mario
Mario
Locati
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2185-3267
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Rovida, Andrea
Andrea
Rovida
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6147-9981
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Stucchi, Massimiliano
Massimiliano
Stucchi
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-1542
Centro europeo di formazione e ricerca in ingegneria sismica (EUCENTRE)
European Archive of Historical EArthquake Data (AHEAD)
AHEAD
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
2013
Historical earthquake data
macroseismic
intensity
historical earthquakes
historical seismology
Europe
Earth sciences and geology
550.3 Geophysics
QE - Geology
551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology
Rovida, Andrea
Andrea
Rovida
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6147-9981
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Locati, Mario
Mario
Locati
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2185-3267
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Antonucci, Andrea
Andrea
Antonucci
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-2295
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Baumont, David
David
Baumont
Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)
Scotti, Oona
Oona
Scotti
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6640-9090
Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)
Fäh, Donat
Donat
Fäh
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9195-4373
Swiss Seismological Service (SED)
Gisler, Monika
Monika
Gisler
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7507-3592
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)
Kästli, Philipp
Philipp
Kästli
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8667-8549
Swiss Seismological Service (SED)
Schwarz-Zanetti, Gabriela
Gabriela
Schwarz-Zanetti
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-5599
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)
Gómez Capera, Augusto Antonio
Augusto Antonio
Gómez Capera
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4076-3371
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Greci, Matilde
Matilde
Greci
Musson, Roger M.W.
Roger M.W.
Musson
https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7005455854
British Geological Survey (BGS)
Migliavacca, Paola
Paola
Migliavacca
https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6505705816
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Mirto, Carmen
Carmen
Mirto
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Moroni, Andrea
Andrea
Moroni
https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=8961430900
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Viganò, Daniele
Daniele
Viganò
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2713-8387
Global Earthquake Model (GEM)
Martínez Solares, José Manuel
José Manuel
Martínez Solares
Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN)
Roca, Antoni
Antoni
Roca
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0610-0048
Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC)
Goula, Xavier
Xavier
Goula
Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC)
Susagna, Teresa
Teresa
Susagna
Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC)
Kouskouna, Vasiliki
Vasiliki
Kouskouna
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8671-7536
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (UOA)
Makropoulos, Konstantinos
Konstantinos
Makropoulos
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4656-1623
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (UOA)
Papaioannou, Christos A.
Christos A.
Papaioannou
Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering (ITSAK)
Bernardini, Filippo
Filippo
Bernardini
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8486-4521
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Camassi, Romano
Romano
Camassi
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5957-2773
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Castelli, Viviana
Viviana
Castelli
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4949-3964
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Ercolani, Emanuela
Emanuela
Ercolani
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9716-6047
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Lambert, Jérôme
Jérôme
Lambert
Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM)
Alexandre, Pierre
Pierre
Alexandre
Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB)
Camelbeeck, Thierry
Thierry
Camelbeeck
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4732-7468
Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB)
Demircioglu Tumsa, Mine Betül
Mine Betül
Demircioglu Tumsa
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0029-5174
Boğaziçi University (BOUN)
Sesetyan, Karin
Karin
Sesetyan
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5109-6477
Boğaziçi University (BOUN)
Batlló, Josep
Josep
Batlló
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2493-3070
Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC)
Dost, Bernard
Bernard
Dost
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3839-7934
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI)
Tatevossian, Ruben
Ruben
Tatevossian
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2861-9796
Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)
Tatevossian, Tatiana N.
Tatiana N.
Tatevossian
Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)
Hammerl, Christa
Christa
Hammerl
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5528-757X
Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG)
Lenhardt, Wolfgang
Wolfgang
Lenhardt
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9031-3753
Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG)
Cecić, Ina
Ina
Cecić
Slovenian Environment Agency (ARSO)
Živčić, Mladen
Mladen
Živčić
Slovenian Environment Agency (ARSO)
Radulian, Mircea
Mircea
Radulian
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3044-0114
National Institute for Earth Physics (NIEP, INFP)
Glavcheva, Rumiana
Rumiana
Glavcheva
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-0424
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS)
Carrilho, Fernando
Fernando
Carrilho
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3287-6800
Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA)
Alves, Paulo
Paulo
Alves
Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA)
Fonseca, João Filipe de Barros Duarte
João Filipe de Barros Duarte
Fonseca
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0371-3682
University of Lisbon (ULisboa)
Vilanova, Susana Pires
Susana Pires
Vilanova
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5366-552X
University of Lisbon (ULisboa)
Bungum, Hilmar
Hilmar
Bungum
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0720-030X
Norwegian Seismic Array (NORSAR)
Grünthal, Gottfried
Gottfried
Grünthal
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-8362
Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ)
Wahlström, Rutger
Rutger
Wahlström
Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ)
Mäntyniemi, Päivi
Päivi
Mäntyniemi
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7617-8150
University of Helsinki
Glavatovic, Branislav
Branislav
Glavatovic
Montenegro Seismological Observatory
Labak, Peter
Peter
Labak
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1625-3649
Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAV)
Zsíros, Tibor
Tibor
Zsíros
Georisk
Herak, Marijan
Marijan
Herak
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-9912
University of Zagreb
Provost, Ludmila
Ludmila
Provost
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5512-8894
Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)
Van Noten, Koen
Koen
Van Noten
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-4426
Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB)
Sørensen, Mathilde B.
Mathilde B.
Sørensen
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8589-7480
University of Bergen
Manchuel, Kevin
Kevin
Manchuel
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-6355
Électricité de France (EDF)
Taillefer, Nicolas
Nicolas
Taillefer
Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM)
Lemoine, Anne
Anne
Lemoine
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2545-0193
Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM)
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
https://ror.org/00qps9a02
Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM)
https://ror.org/05hnb7x64
Électricité de France (EDF)
https://ror.org/03wb8xz10
Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)
https://ror.org/01ha22c77
Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB)
https://ror.org/00hjks330
Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA)
https://ror.org/01sp7nd78
Swiss Seismological Service (SED)
Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC)
https://ror.org/03d2ezn18
Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering (ITSAK)
https://ror.org/02dqans26
University of Helsinki
https://ror.org/040af2s02
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (UOA)
https://ror.org/04gnjpq42
University of Bergen
https://ror.org/03zga2b32
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
https://ror.org/00qps9a02
1000-01-01/1899-12-31
2013-01-24
en
10.1785/0220130113
10.1007/978-3-319-16964-4_14
10.13127/epica.1.1
10.6092/ingv.it-share-sheec.1000-1899
10.13127/asmi
10.17616/r3804s
10.1016/0040-1951(92)90469-m
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/ALBAL009
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https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/ALBAL994b
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/ALBAL997b
10.4401/ag-3331
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/ALBI010
10.1785/gssrl.82.1.111
10.1007/978-3-319-16208-9
10.1785/0220200205
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/ALBI999
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10.1007/s10950-018-9730-4
10.1007/978-1-4020-8222-1_4
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https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/ALEAX018
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https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/AMBAL994
10.1111/j.1365-3121.1991.tb00188.x
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/AMBFI992
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10.1111/j.1365-246x.1990.tb05577.x
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/AMBME983
10.1785/0120000305
10.1785/0120000843
10.1002/eqe.4290130309
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/AMBR991
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/AMBR994a
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/AMBR994b
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/AMBR996a
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/AMBR997
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/AMBSI000
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/BACSC993
10.1007/s10950-007-9058-y
10.1785/0120130316
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10.1785/0220200090
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/BURAL984
10.1016/s0267-7261(00)00080-4
10.1007/s10950-020-09977-6
10.1785/gssrl.83.3.604
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/COMA980
10.7419/162.32.2020
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/CORRI007
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/COSFO007
10.13127/cpti/cpti15.3
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/EISAL992
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/FEN007
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/FIGRU996
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/FISAL001
10.1785/0120190198
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/GISAL003
10.1007/s00015-004-1128-3
10.1023/b:jose.0000021392.95950.a0
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/GISAL008
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/GLARA994a
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/GLARA994b
10.1785/gssrl.79.5.707
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/GRAL978
10.1007/s10950-008-9144-9
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/GRUAL998
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/GRUAL999
10.4401/ag-3328
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/GRUE988
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/GRUE991
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/GRUE992
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/GRUFI001
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/GRUFI998
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/GRUME995
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/GRURI007
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/GUIMA988
10.1007/978-3-319-15446-6_1
10.1007/978-3-319-15446-6_5
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/GUTAL987
10.1007/978-3-319-15446-6_3
10.4401/ag-4028
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/HOUT992
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/IADG003
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/IGN010
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/IMO007
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/JUSSA998
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/KNUAL015
10.1007/s10950-015-9535-7
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/KONUL999
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/KOSH982
10.1007/s10950-019-09874-7
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/KOUAL998
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/KOUS001
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/LABA996
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/LABR995
10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.02.019
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/LEHLE014
10.1016/0040-1951(91)90190-4
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/LEYD011
10.23689/fidgeo-3865
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/LNEC986
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MAKKO994a
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MAKKO994b
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MAME002
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MAMV001
10.1785/0220190363
10.1023/b:jose.0000021365.94606.03
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MASO995
10.1016/0040-1951(79)90077-5
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MEID001
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MEID995
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MEIGR992
10.1111/j.1365-3121.1996.tb00792.x
10.1785/gssrl.75.1.75
10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00672.x
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUNUD991
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUSA007
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUSAL984a
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUSAL984b
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUSAL984c
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUSAL984d
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUSAL986
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUSAL987
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUSAL990
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUSAL998
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUSRE986
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUSS008
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUSS009
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUSS989a
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUSS989b
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUSS991
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/MUSS994
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/NEIAL984b
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/NEIAL984c
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/NEUGR995
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/NIKON992
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/OLIAL006
10.1007/978-94-011-4748-4_4
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/ORB007
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/ORB010
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/PAGA972
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/PAPA989
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/PAPA997
10.1785/gssrl.78.6.614
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/PROKA978
10.4401/ag-4032
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/RETH952
10.1785/0220140178
10.1785/0220200201
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/RODR984
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/SAKAL010
10.4401/ag-4074
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/SCHAL003
10.1007/s10950-007-9071-1
10.1785/0220200095
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/SHEB977
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/SHELE998
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/SOUAL993
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/SOUS984
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/SOYAL981
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/SUGO999
10.1007/s11069-009-9448-2
10.4401/ag-5829
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/TATMA008
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/TATMO998
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/TAXE003
10.1785/0120050198
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/VOGGR994
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/VOGT993a
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/VOGT996
10.1111/j.1365-3121.1994.tb00648.x
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/ZIAL988
10.1556/ageod.41.2006.2.8
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/ZSIR008
https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/study/ZSIR997
https://data.ingv.it/metadata/iso19115/10.6092/ingv.it-ahead.xml
About 250 data sources
About 5000 earthquakes
About 3800 set of macroseismic intensity data points
About 70000 macroseismic intensity data points
text/html
application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
application/pdf
image/svg+xml
application/xml
application/xml
Open Access
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
AHEAD, the European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data 1000-1899, is a distributed archive aiming at preserving, inventorying and making available, to investigators and other users, data sources on the earthquake history of Europe, such as macroseismic intensity data, and parametric catalogues. AHEAD relies on independent, regionally managed data archives. At present, eight regional nodes team up in AHEAD covering Italy, France, Switzerland, Spain, Catalunya, Belgium, and Greece. Data on areas not covered by a regional archive is retrieved from the scientific literature. AHEAD inventories seismological data organized either in regional databases or in scientific papers, and does not archive historical sources (e.g. manuscripts, letters, dispatch) examined by the compilers of these studies. A great effort is being put in identifying and clearly marking fake earthquakes, i.e. events wrongly reported as earthquakes in catalogues. AHEAD can be queried by earthquake, to access the datasets related to each individual earthquake, or by data source. The query by earthquake allows the user to visualise the full earthquake list or a portion of it, filtered by time-window, magnitude class or number of intensity data, or entering a custom geographical selection. Once selected, users access all archived data on the earthquakes, such as i) parameters (e.g., location and magnitude) from the European PreInstrumental Earthquake Catalogue EPICA 1000-1899 and from all the available alternative solutions from published regional catalogues, ii) macroseismic data from supporting seismological studies, and iii) bibliographic metadata of the considered sources.
The query by data source introduces the user to the list of archived seismological studies that provide data on the inventoried earthquakes. Each study can be clicked, giving access to the PDF of the original text when available or when the copyright allows for it, or a link to the publisher when the PDF is not available. For each seismological study a list of considered earthquakes and a map showing their epicentres are also shown.
Following some pioneering attempts in the early 1990s, AHEAD was initiated and built up in the frame of the EC Project NERIES, Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology (2006 and 2010). INGV Milan coordinated the NERIES Task NA4 called “Distributed Archive of Historical Earthquake Data”, and then continued the development during the EC Project SHARE, Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe (2009-2012), aimed at compiling a European earthquake catalogue called SHEEC. Afterwards AHEAD has been maintained and further implemented by INGV in the framework of the EC initiative EPOS, aimed at setting up the European Plate Observing System (2010-2012) a new ERIC, European Research Infrastructure Consortium, and of the SERA Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe Horizon 2020 Project.
AHEAD is currently supported by the Joint Research Unit EPOS Italia funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research and the Horizon Europe Project Geo-INQUIRE (Geosphere INfrastructures for Questions into Integrated Research).
Europe
Europe
-32
45
33
74
European Commission (EC)
https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780
26130
NERIES - Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology
Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (MUR)
https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003407
EPOS MUR
European Commission (EC)
https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780
676564
EPOS IP - European Plate Observing System
European Commission (EC)
https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780
730900
SERA - Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe
European Commission (EC)
https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780
101058518
Geo-INQUIRE - Geosphere INfrastructures for QUestions into Integrated REsearch
European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC-CSEM)
https://ror.org/034j4s684
Bilateral agreement between INGV-MI-AHEAD and EMSC for EPOS TCS Seismology - EMSC MYCA 2021-2023