2026-06-23T17:04:15Z https://oai.datacite.org/oai

doi:10.18160/vp6a-kws8 2025-12-22T08:53:06Z MVIY SND.ICOS

10.18160/VP6A-KWS8 Baukloh, Anja Corinne Anja Corinne Baukloh Isidoro-Losada, Ana-Maria Ana-Maria Isidoro-Losada Schreurs, Miranda Miranda Schreurs 0000-0002-6617-4906 Kühbacher, Daniel Daniel Kühbacher 0000-0002-7047-3925 Dias-Carneiro, Barbara Barbara Dias-Carneiro ICOS ERIC - Carbon Portal 2025 Policy Brief Policy Brief Cities Climate Action Plan 2025-12-21 2025-12-21 10.18160/D90M-Z823 10.18160/C1XY-76H0 10.18160/KPB0-8GH2 PDF 1.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Munich has developed a comprehensive and evolving climate governance framework since the early 2000s, combining long-term targets, institutional reforms, and evidence-based planning. Following early policy milestones and the adoption of the Integrated Action Program for Climate Protection, the city committed to steadily reducing per-capita CO₂ emissions and embedded climate action across all municipal departments. Civil society mobilization in 2019 accelerated ambition, leading to a declared climate emergency, earlier climate neutrality targets, mandatory climate impact assessments, and the establishment of a Climate Council. These commitments were operationalized through refined climate impact checks and a comprehensive climate program emphasizing interdepartmental coordination and participatory approaches. Foundational expert studies commissioned in 2021–2022 identified key transformation levers across buildings, energy, transport, and the economy, informing a formalized pathway toward climate neutrality by 2035. Munich has since advanced sectoral implementation, notably through pioneering municipal heat planning centered on climate-neutral geothermal district heating, and through integrated air quality and transport measures. International city networks and EU initiatives, including the EU Mission for Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities, have further reinforced Munich’s climate strategy by aligning local action with European governance frameworks. European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme 101037319 Pilot Application in Urban Landscapes - Towards integrated city observatories for greenhouse gases