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  <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.13127/ESWUA/HF</identifier>
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      <creatorName nameType="Organizational">Upper Atmosphere Physics And Radiopropagation Working Group</creatorName>
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      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Marcocci, Carlo</creatorName>
      <givenName>Carlo</givenName>
      <familyName>Marcocci</familyName>
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      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Pezzopane, Michael</creatorName>
      <givenName>Michael</givenName>
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      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Pica, Emanuele</creatorName>
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      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Romano, Vincenzo</creatorName>
      <givenName>Vincenzo</givenName>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Sabbagh, Dario</creatorName>
      <givenName>Dario</givenName>
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      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Scotto, Carlo</creatorName>
      <givenName>Carlo</givenName>
      <familyName>Scotto</familyName>
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      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Zuccheretti, Enrico</creatorName>
      <givenName>Enrico</givenName>
      <familyName>Zuccheretti</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1732-4557</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
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  <titles>
    <title xml:lang="en">Electronic Space Weather upper atmosphere database (eSWua) - HF data</title>
    <title titleType="AlternativeTitle">eswua_iono_data</title>
    <title titleType="Subtitle" xml:lang="en">Collection of raw and level-I data and products from the ionosondes of the eSWua network</title>
  </titles>
  <publisher publisherIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" publisherIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</publisher>
  <publicationYear>2020</publicationYear>
  <resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="Collection">Database of ionospheric sounding</resourceType>
  <subjects>
    <subject>Ionosphere</subject>
    <subject>Space Weather</subject>
    <subject>Ionosonde</subject>
    <subject>Ionospheric parameters</subject>
    <subject>Ionospheric electron density</subject>
    <subject>Ionograms</subject>
    <subject>Ionospheric monitoring</subject>
    <subject>Ionospheric maps</subject>
  </subjects>
  <contributors>
    <contributor contributorType="RelatedPerson">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Bianchi, Cesidio</contributorName>
      <givenName>Cesidio</givenName>
      <familyName>Bianchi</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5379</nameIdentifier>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Hunstad, Ingrid</contributorName>
      <givenName>Ingrid</givenName>
      <familyName>Hunstad</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3573-873X</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Malagnini, Andrea</contributorName>
      <givenName>Andrea</givenName>
      <familyName>Malagnini</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-310X</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="DataManager">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Marcocci, Carlo</contributorName>
      <givenName>Carlo</givenName>
      <familyName>Marcocci</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-0337</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
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      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Meloni, Antonio</contributorName>
      <givenName>Antonio</givenName>
      <familyName>Meloni</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-401X</nameIdentifier>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Pau, Silvia</contributorName>
      <givenName>Silvia</givenName>
      <familyName>Pau</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4321-4546</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="Researcher">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Perrone, Loredana</contributorName>
      <givenName>Loredana</givenName>
      <familyName>Perrone</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4335-0345</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="Researcher">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Pezzopane, Michael</contributorName>
      <givenName>Michael</givenName>
      <familyName>Pezzopane</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5800-2322</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="DataManager">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Pica, Emanuele</contributorName>
      <givenName>Emanuele</givenName>
      <familyName>Pica</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6487-9945</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="Researcher">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Pietrella, Marco</contributorName>
      <givenName>Marco</givenName>
      <familyName>Pietrella</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9069-4090</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="RelatedPerson">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Romano, Vincenzo</contributorName>
      <givenName>Vincenzo</givenName>
      <familyName>Romano</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-4507</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="DataCurator">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Sabbagh, Dario</contributorName>
      <givenName>Dario</givenName>
      <familyName>Sabbagh</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7208-3381</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="DataCurator">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Scotto, Carlo</contributorName>
      <givenName>Carlo</givenName>
      <familyName>Scotto</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9437-6775</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Vecchi, Simone</contributorName>
      <givenName>Simone</givenName>
      <familyName>Vecchi</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-2902</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="RelatedPerson">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Zolesi, Bruno</contributorName>
      <givenName>Bruno</givenName>
      <familyName>Zolesi</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-560X</nameIdentifier>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="DataCurator">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Zuccheretti, Enrico</contributorName>
      <givenName>Enrico</givenName>
      <familyName>Zuccheretti</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1732-4557</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
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  <dates>
    <date dateType="Issued">2020-08-01</date>
    <date dateType="Available">2020-08-01</date>
  </dates>
  <language>en</language>
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    <relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType="DOI" relationType="Documents" resourceTypeGeneral="JournalArticle">10.4401/ag-4377</relatedIdentifier>
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    <rights rightsURI="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" rightsIdentifier="cc-by-4.0" rightsIdentifierScheme="SPDX" schemeURI="https://spdx.org/licenses/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</rights>
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  <descriptions>
    <description xml:lang="en" descriptionType="Abstract">The eSWua (electronic Space Weather upper atmosphere) database contains the near-real time and historical data originated from the instruments of the INGV Ionospheric Monitoring Network, and all the related scientific products developed by the &quot;Upper atmosphere physics and radiopropagation&quot; INGV group.
This collection includes the data acquired by the ground-based Ionosondes, among which the Advanced Ionospheric Sounder (AIS), completely designed and developed at INGV, and the Lowell Digisonde. The ionospheric soundings began at INGV with one of the first ionospheric observatory in the world, operating in Rome since 1947, and currently are carried out in several locations by other Ionosondes pertaining to the network.
The raw data, acquired 24/7, are remotely processed by dedicated software (Autoscala, developed at INGV for the AIS, and Artist for the Digisonde) and managed in near-real time by the eSWua system at the INGV headquarter. This collection makes available to the users the raw and level-I data derived from these soundings (ionograms, autoscaled parameters, ionospheric maps, etc.), harmonized among the different instruments and distributed in an open format.</description>
    <description xml:lang="en" descriptionType="Methods">The ionosondes perform systematic sounding of the ionosphere usually every 10 or 15 min, 24/7, producing data files in binary format (raw ionograms). The binary files are automatically elaborated by ad-hoc programs (AUTOSCALA for the AIS-Ionosonde and ARTIST for the DPS) that automatically scales ionospheric parameters from the raw ionograms, and store these information into ASCII files (LEVEL-I data). The eSWua DBMS processes and harmonizes both the raw and LEVEL-I data, collecting them into a relational database and making them available to the user in the JSON format. The information stored into the database are further exploited to generate real-time applications (alert, time-series visualization, etc) and products (maps, etc.) on user request.</description>
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    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (MUR)</funderName>
      <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="Crossref Funder ID">https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003407</funderIdentifier>
      <awardTitle>Pianeta Dinamico: Geoscienze per la comprensione dei meccanismi di funzionamento della Terra e dei conseguenti rischi naturali</awardTitle>
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