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        <datestamp>2025-05-27T07:52:56Z</datestamp>
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  <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.13127/ESWUA/GNSS</identifier>
  <creators>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Organizational">Upper Atmosphere Physics And Radiopropagation Working Group</creatorName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">https://ror.org/00qps9a02</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Cesaroni, Claudio</creatorName>
      <givenName>Claudio</givenName>
      <familyName>Cesaroni</familyName>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">De Franceschi, Giorgiana</creatorName>
      <givenName>Giorgiana</givenName>
      <familyName>De Franceschi</familyName>
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      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/01tf11a61" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC)</affiliation>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Marcocci, Carlo</creatorName>
      <givenName>Carlo</givenName>
      <familyName>Marcocci</familyName>
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      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Pica, Emanuele</creatorName>
      <givenName>Emanuele</givenName>
      <familyName>Pica</familyName>
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      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Romano, Vincenzo</creatorName>
      <givenName>Vincenzo</givenName>
      <familyName>Romano</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-4507</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Spogli, Luca</creatorName>
      <givenName>Luca</givenName>
      <familyName>Spogli</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2310-0306</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
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  <titles>
    <title xml:lang="en">Electronic Space Weather upper atmosphere database (eSWua) - GNSS scintillation data</title>
    <title titleType="AlternativeTitle">eswua_scint_data</title>
    <title titleType="Subtitle" xml:lang="en">Collection of data and products from the &quot;GNSS ionospheric scintillation and TEC monitor receivers&quot; of the eSWua network</title>
  </titles>
  <publisher publisherIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" publisherIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</publisher>
  <publicationYear>2020</publicationYear>
  <resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="Collection">Database of ionospheric scintillations data</resourceType>
  <subjects>
    <subject>Ionosphere</subject>
    <subject>Space Weather</subject>
    <subject>Ionospheric scintillation</subject>
    <subject>Scintillation index</subject>
    <subject>Total Electron Content (TEC)</subject>
    <subject>GNSS ionospheric scintillation and TEC monitor receivers</subject>
    <subject>Ionospheric monitoring</subject>
  </subjects>
  <contributors>
    <contributor contributorType="Researcher">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Alfonsi, Lucilla</contributorName>
      <givenName>Lucilla</givenName>
      <familyName>Alfonsi</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1806-9327</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="Researcher">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Cesaroni, Claudio</contributorName>
      <givenName>Claudio</givenName>
      <familyName>Cesaroni</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2268-4389</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="ProjectLeader">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">De Franceschi, Giorgiana</contributorName>
      <givenName>Giorgiana</givenName>
      <familyName>De Franceschi</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-6798</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Hunstad, Ingrid</contributorName>
      <givenName>Ingrid</givenName>
      <familyName>Hunstad</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3573-873X</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="DataCurator">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Malagnini, Andrea</contributorName>
      <givenName>Andrea</givenName>
      <familyName>Malagnini</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-310X</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="DataManager">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Marcocci, Carlo</contributorName>
      <givenName>Carlo</givenName>
      <familyName>Marcocci</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-0337</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Pau, Silvia</contributorName>
      <givenName>Silvia</givenName>
      <familyName>Pau</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4321-4546</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="DataManager">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Pica, Emanuele</contributorName>
      <givenName>Emanuele</givenName>
      <familyName>Pica</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6487-9945</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="Producer">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Romano, Vincenzo</contributorName>
      <givenName>Vincenzo</givenName>
      <familyName>Romano</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-4507</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Salvati, Alberto</contributorName>
      <givenName>Alberto</givenName>
      <familyName>Salvati</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3466-6631</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="Researcher">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Spogli, Luca</contributorName>
      <givenName>Luca</givenName>
      <familyName>Spogli</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2310-0306</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
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    <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Vagni, Riccardo</contributorName>
      <givenName>Riccardo</givenName>
      <familyName>Vagni</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-0551</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Vecchi, Simone</contributorName>
      <givenName>Simone</givenName>
      <familyName>Vecchi</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-2902</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Zuccheretti, Enrico</contributorName>
      <givenName>Enrico</givenName>
      <familyName>Zuccheretti</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1732-4557</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
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      <contributorName nameType="Organizational">Istituto Nazionale Di Geofisica E Vulcanologia (INGV)</contributorName>
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  <dates>
    <date dateType="Issued">2020-08-01</date>
    <date dateType="Available">2020-08-01</date>
  </dates>
  <language>en</language>
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  <rightsList>
    <rights rightsURI="info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess">Open Access</rights>
    <rights rightsURI="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" rightsIdentifier="cc-by-4.0" rightsIdentifierScheme="SPDX" schemeURI="https://spdx.org/licenses/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</rights>
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  <descriptions>
    <description xml:lang="en" descriptionType="Abstract">The eSWua (electronic Space Weather upper atmosphere) database contains the near-real time and historical data originated from the instruments of the INGV Ionospheric Monitoring Network, and all the related scientific products developed by the &quot;Upper atmosphere physics and radiopropagation&quot; INGV group.
This collection includes the data acquired by the GNSS ionospheric scintillation and TEC Monitor (GISTM) receivers; these particular instruments allow to monitor transient effects such as ionospheric scintillations by sampling the signals of the GNSS constellations in both amplitude and phase, with a frequency of at least 50Hz. The INGV scintillation network has been active since 2003 when the first instrument was installed in Svalbard (Norway). Currently, several permanent observatories placed at different latitudes, from the polar to the equatorial regions, belong to the network.
The raw data, produced 24/7, are remotely processed by dedicated software and managed in near-real time by the eSWua system at the INGV headquarter. This collection makes available to the users the data and products (amplitude scintillation index, phase scintillation index, Total Electron Content, scintillation maps, etc.), harmonized among the different receivers and distributed in an open format.</description>
    <description xml:lang="en" descriptionType="Methods">The “GNSS receivers for TEC and scintillation monitoring” continuously acquire raw data (In-phase and Quadrature amplitudes of the GNSS signals) at 50 Hz sampling rate, usually stored in files containing 15 minutes of data. Ad-hoc software, running on the acquisition server, converts the raw binary files into an ASCII ﬁle containing ionospheric scintillation indices and TEC, with a time resolution that varies from 15 seconds (TEC) to 1 minute (scintillation indices). The eSWua DBMS processes and harmonizes the information contained in the ASCII files (LEVEL-I data), collecting them into a relational database and making them available to the user in the JSON format. The information stored into the database are further exploited to generate real-time applications (alert, time-series visualization, etc) and products (maps etc.) on user request.</description>
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    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA)</funderName>
      <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="ISNI">http://www.isni.org/000000010317889X</funderIdentifier>
      <awardTitle>GRAPE - GNSS Research and Application for Polar Environment</awardTitle>
    </fundingReference>
    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (MUR)</funderName>
      <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="Crossref Funder ID">https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003407</funderIdentifier>
      <awardTitle>PNRA 2013/C3.01 - DemoGRAPE - Dimostratore per Grape</awardTitle>
    </fundingReference>
    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>Dipartimento Scienze del Sistema Terra e Tecnologie per l'Ambiente (CNR-DTA)</funderName>
      <awardTitle>PNRA 14/00133 - Linea A1: Osservatori permanenti - Monitoraggio Bipolare del TEC e delle Scintillazioni Ionosferiche Stazione Concordia</awardTitle>
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    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>Dipartimento Scienze del Sistema Terra e Tecnologie per l'Ambiente (CNR-DTA)</funderName>
      <awardTitle>PNRA 14/000110 - Linea A1: Osservazioni in alta atmosfera e meteorologia spaziale</awardTitle>
    </fundingReference>
    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (MUR)</funderName>
      <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="Crossref Funder ID">https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003407</funderIdentifier>
      <awardTitle>Pianeta Dinamico: Geoscienze per la comprensione dei meccanismi di funzionamento della Terra e dei conseguenti rischi naturali</awardTitle>
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