2026-10-31T23:26:40Z https://oai.datacite.org/oai

doi:10.13127/dspspemilia 2025-04-23T13:41:58Z WNGN CRUI.INGV

1 CRUI.INGV 10.13127/DSPSPEMILIA Rollins, Kyle Kyle Rollins https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8977-6619 Brigham Young University (BYU) Tarabusi, Gabriele Gabriele Tarabusi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-6273 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Amoroso, Sara Sara Amoroso https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5835-079X Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Dundas, Jonah Jonah Dundas https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3737-3692 Brigham Young University (BYU) Flinders, Holten Holten Flinders https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5136-5968 Brigham Young University (BYU) Di Buccio, Francesco Francesco Di Buccio https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-4780 University of Chieti-Pescara (UniCH) Minarelli, Luca Luca Minarelli https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3602-9975 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) 2024 Geotechnical interpretation of cone penetration test data including average parameters of non-liquefiable crusts and liquefiable layers Liquefaction 2012 Emilia seismic sequence Cone penetration tests Non-liquefiable crusts Liquefiable layers Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) https://ror.org/00qps9a02 University of Chieti-Pescara (UniCH) https://ror.org/00qjgza05 Brigham Young University (BYU) https://ror.org/047rhhm47 2024 en 2030 records application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet application/pdf Open Access Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International The dataset contains cone penetration test (CPT – electrical CPT, piezocone and seismic CPT) data from 2030 different sites across the epicentral area of the 2012 Emilia Romagna earthquake. Most of the sites come from a more extensive dataset of geological-geotechnical subsurface investigations curated by the Emilia-Romagna Regional Administration including also the surveys from Seismic Microzonation Studies. The remainder of the tests not acquired from the Emilia-Romagna Regional Administration were obtained through research activities performed during the last 10 years (e.g. Amoroso et al., 2017; Amoroso et al., 2020; Minarelli et al., 2022; Di Buccio et al., 2023; Amoroso et al., 2024). Iwasaki et al. introduced the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) which has been a common method to assess liquefaction damage susceptibility (Iwasaki et al., 1984). The occurrence of surficial manifestations being influenced by the relative thicknesses of non-liquifiable material (H1) overlying liquefiable material (H2) was introduced by Ishihara in 1985 (Ishihara, 1985). Rateria & Maurer updated and digitized Ishihara’s method with various models (Rateria & Maurer, 2022). This study uses the Power-Law Model, because it achieved the highest overall accuracy score for measured data without using machine or deep learning techniques. Given the performance of LPI on the 2010 and 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand earthquakes, Van Ballegooy et al. created the Liquefaction Severity Number (LSN) as an alternative method to predict liquefaction damage susceptibility (Van Ballegooy et al., 2014). Maurer et al. developed the Ishihara inspired Liquefaction Potential Index (LPIISH) by integrating aspects of both Ishihara's and Iwasaki's methodologies, resulting in the LPIISH model (van Ballegooy et al., 2015). Towhata et al. conducted a comparative analysis between LPI and H1 values obtained through Ishihara's method to better predict liquefaction damage susceptibility (Towhata et al., 2016). Hutabarat & Bray developed an approach to determine the severity of liquefaction surface manifestations (Hutabarat & Bray, 2022). They developed a crustal layer resistance parameter (CR), and a liquefaction ejecta demand parameter (LD) which work in tandem to predict liquefaction surface manifestation severity. Acknowledgement Funding for this study was provided by a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazard Program under Grant No. G22AP00209-01. This support is gratefully acknowledged. However, the conclusions, opinions, and recommendations from this study are not necessarily those of the sponsors. The authors thank David Shill for his contributions in compiling the database. Citations Amoroso S., Comina C., Minarelli L., Rollins K.M., Bignardi S., Vagnon F., Di Buccio F. (2024). Combined use of CPTU-SDMT and geophysical test to assess liquefaction: case studies in Emilia-Romagna (Italy). Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization (ISC’7), Barcelona, Spain, 18-21 June 2024, https://www.scipedia.com/public/Amoroso*_et_al_2024a Amoroso S., Rollins K.M., Andersen P., Gottardi G., Tonni L., García Martínez M.F., Wissmann K., Minarelli L., Comina C., Fontana D., De Martini P.M., Monaco P., Pesci A., Sapia V., Vassallo M., Anzidei M., Carpena A., Cinti F., Civico R., Coco I., Conforti D., Doumaz F., Giannattasio F., Di Giulio G., Foti S., Loddo F., Lugli S., Manuel M.R., Marchetti D., Mariotti M., Materni V., Metcalfe B., Milana G., Pantosti D., Pesce A., Salocchi A.C., Smedile A., Stefani M., Tarabusi G., Teza G. (2020). Blast-induced liquefaction in silty sands for full-scale testing of ground improvement methods: insights from a multidisciplinary study. Engineering Geology, 265: 105437, 17 pp, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105437 Amoroso S., Milana G., Rollins K.M., Comina C., Minarelli L., Manuel M.R., Monaco P., Franceschini M., Anzidei M., Lusvardi C., Cantore L., Carpena A., Casadei S., Cinti F.R., Civico R., Cox B.R., De Martini P.M, Di Giulio G., Di Naccio D., Di Stefano G., Facciorusso J., Famiani D., Fiorelli F., Fontana D., Foti S., Madiai C., Marangoni V., Marchetti D., Marchetti S.L., Martelli L., Mariotti M., Muscolino E., Pancaldi D., Pantosti D., Passeri F., Pesci A., Romeo G., Sapia V., Smedile A., Stefani M., Tarabusi G., Teza G., Vassallo M., Villani F. (2017). The first Italian blast-induced liquefaction test (Mirabello, Emilia-Romagna, Italy): description of the experiment and preliminary results. Annals of Geophysics, 60(5), S0556. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-7415, Di Buccio F., Comina C., Fontana D., Minarelli L., Vagnon F., AMOROSO S. (2023). Fines content determination through geotechnical and geophysical tests for liquefaction assessment in the Emilia alluvial plain (Ferrara, Italy). Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 173: 108057, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.108057 Hutabarat, D., & Bray, J. D. (2022). Estimating the Severity of Liquefaction Ejecta Using the Cone Penetration Test. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 148(3), 04021195. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002744 Ishihara, K. (1985). Stability of natural deposits during earthquakes. 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 321-376. https://www.issmge.org/publications/publication/stability-of-natural-deposits-during-earthquakes Iwasaki, T., Arakawa, T., & Tokida, K.-I. (1984). Simplified procedures for assessing soil liquefaction during earthquakes. International Journal of Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 3(1), 49-58. Rateria, G., & Maurer, B. (2022). Evaluation and updating of Ishihara’s (1985) model for liquefaction surface expression, with insights from machine and deep learning. Soils and Foundations, 62(3), 101131. Towhata, I., Yasuda, S., Yoshida, K., Motohashi, A., Sato, S., & Arai, M. (2016). Qualification of residential land from the viewpoint of liquefaction vulnerability. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 91, 260-271. van Ballegooy, S., Green, R. A., Lees, J., Wentz, F., & Maurer, B. W. (2015). Assessment of various CPT based liquefaction severity index frameworks relative to the Ishihara (1985) H1–H2 boundary curves. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 79, 347-364. van Ballegooy, S., Malan, P., Lacrosse, V., Jacka, M., Cubrinovski, M., Bray, J., O'Rourke, T., Crawford, S., & Cowan, H. (2014). Assessment of liquefaction-induced land damage for residential Christchurch. Earthquake spectra, 30(1), 31-55. Emilia Romagna, Italy Emilia 2012 10.89 11.59 44.69 45.01