<?xml version="1.0" ?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="/static/oaitohtml.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd">
  <responseDate>2026-10-20T15:46:18Z</responseDate>
  <request verb="GetRecord" metadataPrefix="oai_datacite" identifier="doi:10.13127/ai/esm25">https://oai.datacite.org/oai</request>
  <GetRecord>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>doi:10.13127/ai/esm25</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-06-23T07:20:20Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>WNGN</setSpec>
        <setSpec>CRUI.INGV</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_datacite xmlns="http://schema.datacite.org/oai/oai-1.1/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://schema.datacite.org/oai/oai-1.1/ http://schema.datacite.org/oai/oai-1.1/oai.xsd">
          <schemaVersion>0</schemaVersion>
          <datacentreSymbol>CRUI.INGV</datacentreSymbol>
          <payload>
            <resource xmlns="http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4" xsi:schemaLocation="http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 http://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/metadata.xsd">
  <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.13127/AI/ESM25</identifier>
  <creators>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Cianetti, Spina</creatorName>
      <givenName>Spina</givenName>
      <familyName>Cianetti</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0690-7274</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Mascandola, Claudia</creatorName>
      <givenName>Claudia</givenName>
      <familyName>Mascandola</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-4679</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Faenza, Licia</creatorName>
      <givenName>Licia</givenName>
      <familyName>Faenza</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-1141</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Russo, Emiliano</creatorName>
      <givenName>Emiliano</givenName>
      <familyName>Russo</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1032-7002</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Felicetta, Chiara</creatorName>
      <givenName>Chiara</givenName>
      <familyName>Felicetta</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2852-9144</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Jozinović, Dario</creatorName>
      <givenName>Dario</givenName>
      <familyName>Jozinović</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3915</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Münchmeyer, Jannes, Münchmeyer, Jannes</creatorName>
      <givenName>Münchmeyer, Jannes</givenName>
      <familyName>Münchmeyer, Jannes</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-9673</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/04z8jg394" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Luzi, Lucia</creatorName>
      <givenName>Lucia</givenName>
      <familyName>Luzi</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-580X</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Michelini, Alberto</creatorName>
      <givenName>Alberto</givenName>
      <familyName>Michelini</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6716-8551</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </creator>
  </creators>
  <titles>
    <title xml:lang="en">ESM25 - Engineering Strong Motion ML dataset</title>
    <title titleType="AlternativeTitle">ESM25</title>
  </titles>
  <publisher publisherIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qps9a02" publisherIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</publisher>
  <publicationYear>2026</publicationYear>
  <resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="Collection">seismic waveforms and associated metadata</resourceType>
  <subjects>
    <subject>machine learning</subject>
    <subject>big data</subject>
    <subject>seismic event detection</subject>
    <subject>ground motion estimation</subject>
    <subject>analysis benchmarking</subject>
    <subject>seismic tomography</subject>
  </subjects>
  <contributors>
    <contributor contributorType="Supervisor">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Cianetti, Spina</contributorName>
      <givenName>Spina</givenName>
      <familyName>Cianetti</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0690-7274</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="DataCurator">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Jozinović, Dario</contributorName>
      <givenName>Dario</givenName>
      <familyName>Jozinović</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3915</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="DataCurator">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Faenza, Licia</contributorName>
      <givenName>Licia</givenName>
      <familyName>Faenza</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-1141</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="Distributor">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Münchmeyer, Jannes, Münchmeyer, Jannes</contributorName>
      <givenName>Münchmeyer, Jannes</givenName>
      <familyName>Münchmeyer, Jannes</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-9673</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="Distributor">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Mascandola, Claudia</contributorName>
      <givenName>Claudia</givenName>
      <familyName>Mascandola</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-4679</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="Other">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Felicetta, Chiara</contributorName>
      <givenName>Chiara</givenName>
      <familyName>Felicetta</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2852-9144</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="Other">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Russo, Emiliano</contributorName>
      <givenName>Emiliano</givenName>
      <familyName>Russo</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1032-7002</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="Other">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Luzi, Lucia</contributorName>
      <givenName>Lucia</givenName>
      <familyName>Luzi</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-580X</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="DataCurator">
      <contributorName nameType="Personal">Michelini, Alberto</contributorName>
      <givenName>Alberto</givenName>
      <familyName>Michelini</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6716-8551</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</affiliation>
    </contributor>
    <contributor contributorType="RightsHolder">
      <contributorName nameType="Organizational">Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)</contributorName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="">https://ror.org/00qps9a02</nameIdentifier>
    </contributor>
  </contributors>
  <dates>
    <date dateType="Coverage">1967-01-01/2026-04-30</date>
    <date dateType="Issued">2026-06</date>
  </dates>
  <language>en</language>
  <relatedIdentifiers>
    <relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType="URL" relationType="IsDerivedFrom" resourceTypeGeneral="Dataset">https://esm-db.eu/</relatedIdentifier>
    <relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType="URL" relationType="HasMetadata">https://data.ingv.it/metadata/iso19115/10.13127/ai/esm25.xml</relatedIdentifier>
  </relatedIdentifiers>
  <sizes>
    <size>276 GB</size>
  </sizes>
  <formats>
    <format>text/csv</format>
    <format>application/x-hdf5</format>
  </formats>
  <version/>
  <rightsList>
    <rights rightsURI="info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess">Open Access</rights>
    <rights rightsURI="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rightsIdentifier="cc-by-4.0" rightsIdentifierScheme="SPDX" schemeURI="https://spdx.org/licenses/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</rights>
  </rightsList>
  <descriptions>
    <description xml:lang="en" descriptionType="Abstract">The ESM25 dataset is a comprehensive, ML-ready compilation of strong-motion recordings from the Engineering Strong-Motion database (ESM). It provides 3C waveforms, manually processed time-histories, and response spectra for nearly 100,000 records across the Euro-Mediterranean and Middle East region.
The dataset is structured following the format established by INSTANCE (Michelini et al., 2021) and is natively compatible with SeisBench (Woollam et al., 2022), enabling immediate use in machine-learning pipelines for ground-motion prediction, quality-control automation, and site-effect analysis.
Each record has been classified as good or bad quality based on manual review. Good-quality records include both converted-to-physical-units (CV) and manually-processed (MP) waveforms, along with response spectra. Bad-quality records include CV waveforms only. CV contains acceleration only; MP contains acceleration, velocity, and displacement waveforms together with acceleration and displacement response spectra.</description>
  </descriptions>
  <geoLocations>
    <geoLocation>
      <geoLocationPlace>Mainly Euro Mediterranean and Middle East region</geoLocationPlace>
    </geoLocation>
    <geoLocation>
      <geoLocationPlace>Euro Mediterranean</geoLocationPlace>
      <geoLocationBox>
        <westBoundLongitude>-30</westBoundLongitude>
        <eastBoundLongitude>60</eastBoundLongitude>
        <southBoundLatitude>20</southBoundLatitude>
        <northBoundLatitude>72</northBoundLatitude>
      </geoLocationBox>
    </geoLocation>
  </geoLocations>
  <fundingReferences>
    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology (ORFEUS)</funderName>
      <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="ROR">https://ror.org/01v801w64</funderIdentifier>
      <awardTitle>ESM25 - Engineering Strong Motion ML dataset</awardTitle>
    </fundingReference>
  </fundingReferences>
</resource>
          </payload>
        </oai_datacite>
      </metadata>
    </record>
  </GetRecord>
</OAI-PMH>